分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2021-02-25
摘要: In high energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy beamlines of synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities and laboratory XAS/XES spectrometer, it is important to keep X-ray spectrometer operating in optimal conditions. The adjusting process is normally very time consuming due to the irregular light source beam point, and it is difficult to get global optimum. This study aims to develop an intelligent adjusting system based on global optimization algorithm for spectrometers on SR beamlines and on laboratory x-ray source. First of all, based on the two dimensional experimental data, automatic adjustment process was established. Then the automatic optimization was applied to adjust X-ray spectrometer practically, and upgraded iteratively. The online testing is carried out on a self-developed laboratory XAS spectrometer. Online tests results show that this automatic adjustment process converges to the optimal solution quickly, and the convergence time is about several dozens to hundreds steps, more efficient than manual optimization process. After automatic adjustment, we can get correct X-ray absorption spectrum based on the adjusted spectrometer.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2018-06-20
摘要: 本文讨论了加速结构中的解析求解问题, 主要讨论了场和等效电路两种求解方法。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2021-03-03
摘要: 本文讨论了常规电子直线加速器的设计问题, 并以一台 10 MeV 的电子直线加速器为例穿插其中讨论了常规电子直线加速器的设计。常规电子直线加速器由电子枪、聚束部分、光速部分所组成,而且在直线对撞机装置、自由电子激光装置中经常用到束团压缩部分。我们对每一部分都进行了分析与讨论,主要包括纵向、横向束流动力学方面, 总结了一系列的行之有效的设计思想与方法。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2022-01-07
摘要: 在改进的量子分子动力学模型框架下,研究了高能氘核在重靶核作用下的碎裂过程,尤其近零度角产生的中子。模拟重现了 102 MeV d+C 反应中实验测量的中子双微分截面。根据模型与实验结果的一致性,论证了通过氘核在碳靶上碎裂而产生高能中子束的可行性。但因氘核内部核子的费米运动,使得包含实验室0°在内的中子能量具有相当大的能量展宽。基于模型计算,通过测量氘核碎裂过程中出射的伴随质子,出射中子能量可约束在5%(1σ)以内。进一步,本工作论证了基于伴随质子测量的单能高能中子束产生的可行性。
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-05-27
摘要: Shielding material is critical for downhole pulsed neutron tool design as it directly influences the accuracy of formation measurements. A well-designed shield configuration ensures that the response of the tool is maximally representative of formation without being impacted by tool and borehole environment. This manuscript investigates the effects of boron-containing materials on neutron and gamma detectors based on a newly designed logging-while-drilling tool, which is currently undergoing manufacturing process. As boron content increases, its ability to absorb thermal neutrons significantly enhances. Through simulation, it is proven that boron carbide (B4C) can be used as an effective boron shielding material for thermal neutrons and therefore employed in this work. To shield against thermal neutrons migrating from mud pipes, the optimal shielding thicknesses for near and far neutron detectors are determined to be 5mm and 4mm. For an example, at a porosity of 25 p.u., the near neutron sensitivity shows a 5.6% increase in response. Furthermore, in order to shield capture gamma generated by thermal neutrons once they enter tool from the mud pipe and formation, the internal and external shields for the gamma detector is evaluated. Results show internal shield needs 75% boron content while the external shield is of 14.2mm thickness and 25% boron content to minimize tool effect.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核材料与工艺技术 提交时间: 2017-08-23
摘要: 钨基材料以其高熔点、高导热率、良好的抗中子辐照和抗溅射腐蚀等优异性能,被视为未来核聚变装置中最有前景的面向等离子材料。在聚变服役环境下,14MeV的高能中子以及低能氢/氦粒子流对钨基材料造成严重的辐照损伤。研究材料的辐照损伤与氢氦效应机理对揭示辐照引起材料微观结构与性能的变化以及探索开发新型抗辐照材料具有重要的意义。近年来,随着计算模拟技术的发展,多尺度模拟方法在聚变堆关键材料辐照损伤与氢氦效应机理研究方面有着广泛的应用。本文主要结合作者近几年的研究实践,介绍了纳米晶钨/铁的抗辐照损伤机理、钨中氢滞留机制、合金元素强化界面机制、嬗变元素偏聚及其对氦泡形成机制的影响。通过多尺度模拟方法来获取材料在辐照环境下的不同时间/空间层次的结构演化信息,从而揭示材料的辐照损伤与氢氦效应机理,为聚变堆面向等离子体材料的优化设计与性能调控提供理论基础。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2021-12-31
摘要: Configurational information entropy (CIE) theory was employed to determine the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes. The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross-sections in 350 MeV/u 40060Ca + 9Be projectile fragmentation reactions were calculated using a modified statistical abrasion-ablation model. CIE quantities were determined from the nuclear density, isotopic, mass, and charge distributions. The linear correlations between the CIE determined using the isotopic, mass, and charge distributions and the neutron skin thickness of the projectile nucleus show that CIE provides new methods to extract the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2021-12-25
摘要: 我们研究了在CSHINE上重建$ 25 MeV/u ^{86}Kr +^{208}Pb$ 反应中快裂变事件的方法。裂变碎片由三个大面积平行板雪崩计数器进行探测,它可以提供碎片的位置和到达的时间信息。起始时间信息由回旋加速器的高频信号给出。我们利用两个裂变碎片的速度,重建了裂变事件。裂变碎片的速度分布和方位差的展宽均随折叠角的增大而减小,这与快速裂变发生的图像一致。同时,裂变轴的各向异性角分布也一致地揭示了裂变事件的动力学特征。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2022-01-21 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要: Configurational information entropy (CIE) theory was employed to determine the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes. The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross-sections in 350 MeV/u 40-60Ca + 9Be projectile fragmentation reactions were calculated using a modified statistical abrasion-ablation model. CIE quantities were determined from the nuclear density, isotopic, mass, and charge distributions. The linear correlations between the CIE determined using the isotopic, mass, and charge distributions and the neutron skin thickness of the projectile nucleus show that CIE provides new methods to extract the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2022-01-21 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要: By implementing an additional heavy quarkantiquark pair production trigger in a multiphase transport (AMPT) model, we study the effect on anisotropy flows of identified particles with a focus on charged particles and quarkonium (J/ and ). A systematic increase in the collision rate for active partons in the AMPT model with such an implementation has been observed. It leads to a slight increase of identified particles anisotropy flows as a function of transverse momentum (pT ) and rapidity, and gives a better description of the experimental data of elliptic flow toward larger pT . Our approach provides an efficient way to study the heavy quark dynamics in the AMPT model at LHC energies.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间: 2024-05-28
摘要: 未知放射源搜寻定位是核安检、核应急领域的重要研究课题。为提高寻源效率、适应多源环境探测,提出了一种融合到达角的粒子滤波寻源方法。首先,构建了自主定位与到达角感知相结合的放射源搜寻硬件平台,给探测器引入了位置和角度信息;其次,在粒子滤波基础上考虑到达角信息,动态收缩放射源搜寻区域,进而提高搜寻效率;最后,在自主寻源路径规划中采用到达角引导的机器人姿态调整,增强机器人寻源的灵活度。仿真实验证明此方法可正确有效工作,利用放射源开展的测试进一步验证了该方法对于多源搜寻的实用性。
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核聚变工程技术 提交时间: 2017-10-27
摘要: Structured Abstract: Purpose: EAST is a tokamak fusion device running in ultra-high vacuum condition. To avoid polluting the inner vessel environment, solid lubrication has been applied on the surface of bearings and gears which exposed to the vacuum. Design/methodology/approach: anti-friction MoS2 coatings penetrating with different atoms have been developed by multi-target magnetron sputtering deposition technique. This paper presents the comparative testing of tribological properties for three kinds of MoS2-based coating layers. Findings: based on the test results, MoS2-Ti-C coating films are supposed to be the final selection due to the better performance of friction coefficient and lubrication longevity. Originality/value: finally, the detailed information has been characterized for the hybrid coatings which can provide some references for applications of solid lubrications in similar condition of high vacuum and temperature.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核聚变工程技术 提交时间: 2017-10-27
摘要: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a serial redundant manipulator system applied in nuclear fusion environment. It will allow remote inspection and maintenance of plasma facing components in the vacuum vessel of fusion device without breaking down the ultra-high vacuum condition during physical experiments. Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, considering the dynamic sealing of actuators to avoid polluting the vacuum condition inside fusion reactor, the mechanical design of robot system has been introduced. The redundant manipulator system has 11 degree of freedoms in total with an identical modular design. Besides, to improve the position accuracy, an error prediction model has been built based on the experimental study and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm. Findings – Currently, the implementation of the manipulator system has been successfully finished in both atmosphere and vacuum condition. The validation of BPNN model shown an acceptable prediction accuracy (94%~98%) compared with the real measurement. Originality/value – This is a special robot system which is practically used in a nuclear fusion device in China. Its design, mechanism and error prediction strategy have great reference values to the similar robots in vacuum and temperature applications.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2018-07-10
摘要: 本文分析讨论了加速器的百年历史, 从思想的萌芽、理论的突破与准备、技术的准备与储存、实验的成功、加速器的未来与展望等几个方面进行了论述。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-09-11
摘要: 本工作制作了一套由快发光塑料闪烁体耦合快光电倍增管组成的塑料闪烁体飞行时间探测器的样机,通过皮秒脉冲激光测试了探测器的时间性能,旨在为将来的 HIAF-HFRS 飞行时间探测器作预研。对于两种不同尺寸的塑闪探测器,通过改变激光的光斑大小、频率、光强和位置等各项参数来模拟真实束流的情况,并使用 CAEN-DT5742 数字化仪以及 Mesytec-MCFD16+MTDC32 电子学系统进行了系统的测试。使用聚焦激光照射在塑闪中心位置时,小尺寸 (7 cm7 cm) 塑闪探测器的 ToF 分辨最好可达 8 ps;小-大 (26 cm10 cm) 塑闪探测器的 TOF 分辨最好可达到 12 ps。在改变激光各项参数后,得到的响应时间分辨为 1016 ps 和 1946 ps。测试结果表明,所得到的 ToF 分辨满足 HFRS 束线的时间分辨性能要求,为飞行时间探测器的优化奠定了基础。
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类: 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间: 2023-09-12
摘要: The neutron capture cross sections (${n, upgamma}$) of Bromine was performed with the time-of-flight (TOF) technique at the Back-n facility of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Prompt $ upgamma$-rays originating from neutron-induced capture events were detected by four C${}_6$D${}_6$ detectors. The pulse height weighting technique (PHWT) and the double-bunch unfolding method based on the Bayesian theory were used in the data analysis. To obtain reliable measurement results, background deductions, normalization, and corrections were carefully considered. The multilevel R-matrix Bayesian code SAMMY was used to extract the resonance parameters in the resolved resonance region (RRR). The average cross sections in unresolved resonance region the was obtained from 10 to 400 keV. The experimental results were compared with the data of several evaluated libraries and previous experiments in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. The TALYS code was used to describe the average cross sections in the unresolved resonance region. Astrophysical Maxwell average cross sections (MACSs) of ${}^{79,81}$Br from $ kT $ = 5 to 100 keV was calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron energies. At a thermal energy of $kT=30$ keV, the MACS value for ${}^{79}$Br 638$ pm$64 mb is in good agreement with the KADoNiS recommended value. By contrast, the value of 293$ pm$29 mb for ${}^{81}$Br is substantially higher than those of the evaluated database and the KADoNiS recommended value.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 分类: 光学 >> 计算中的光学 分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学技术其他学科 提交时间: 2023-06-08
摘要: Owing to the constraints on the fabrication of -ray coding plates with many pixels, few studies have been carried out on -ray computational ghost imaging. Thus, the development of coding plates with fewer pixels is essential to achieve -ray computational ghost imaging. Based on the regional similarity between Hadamard subcoding plates, this study presents an optimization method to reduce the number of pixels of Hadamard coding plates. First, a moving distance matrix was obtained to describe the regional similarity quantitatively. Second, based on the matrix, we used two ant colony optimization arrangement algorithms to maximize the reuse of pixels in the regional similarity area and obtain new compressed coding plates. With full sampling, these two algorithms improved the pixel utilization of the coding plate, and the compression ratio values were 54.2% and 58.9%, respectively. In addition, three undersampled sequences (the Harr, Russian dolls, and cake-cutting sequences) with different sampling rates were tested and discussed. With different sampling rates, our method reduced the number of pixels of all three sequences, especially for the Russian dolls and cake-cutting sequences. Therefore, our method can reduce the number of pixels, manufacturing cost, and difficulty of the coding plate, which is beneficial for the implementation and application of -ray computational ghost imaging.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-09-11
摘要: The NaI:Tl scintillator is an innovative material for dual-gamma-ray and neutron detection with a low 6Li concentration. To achieve real-time n/ discrimination, a zero-crossing time comparison algorithm based on trapezoidal pulse shaping was developed. The algorithm can operate efficiently at low sampling rates and was implemented on a single-probe portable digital n/ discriminator based on a feld-programmable gate array (FPGA). The discriminator and NaI:Tl,6Li detector were tested in a neutron-gamma mixed field produced by an 241Am-Be neutron source to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The Figure of Merits (FoM) was measured as 2.88 at a sampling rate of 50 MHz, indicating that the discriminator with its embedded algorithm has a promising n/ discrimination capability. Efficient discrimination at sampling rates of 40 and 25 MHz demonstrates that the capability of this method is not limited by low sampling rates.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 分类: 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间: 2017-08-28
摘要: In this paper, the calorimetric power measurement method for electron cyclotron resonance heating system on EAST are presented. This method requires measurement of the water flow through the cooling circuits and the input and output water temperatures in each cooling circuit. Usually, the inlet water temperature is controlled to be stable to get more accurate results. The influence of the inlet water temperature change on the measurement results is analyzed for the first time in this paper. A novel temperature calibration method is proposed also. This kind of calibration method is accurate and effective, and can be easily implemented.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-09-11
摘要: Gamma-ray polarimetry is a new and prospective tool for studying various extreme high-energy celestial objects and is of great significance for the development of astrophysics. With the rapid development of microsatellite technology, the advantages in space exploration are becoming increasingly apparent. Therefore, in this paper, we conducted a simulation study on a soft gamma-ray polarimeter for a microsatellite in space. Here, we proposed a unique design structure for the polarimeter based on the microsatellite design concept and the Compton scattering principle. And then, the detailed Monte Carlo simulations using mono-energetic gamma-ray linear polarization sources and the Crab-like sources in the energy range of 0.1-10 MeV with full consideration of the orbital background were performed. The simulation results show that the polarimeter can exhibit excellent polarization detection performance. The modulation factor is 0.800.01, and the polarization angles are accurate within an error of 0.2 at 200 keV for on-axis incidence. For the Crab-like sources for on-axis incidence, the polarization degrees are consistent with the set values within the error tolerance, the modulation factor is 0.760.01, and the minimum detectable polarization reaches 2.4% at 3 for an observation time of 106 seconds. In addition, the polarimeter has recoil electron tracking, imaging, and powerful background suppression at a large field of view (2 sr). The polarimeter designed can meet the requirements of a space-soft gamma-ray polarization detector very well and has a bright research prospect.