Research on a Well-Type BGO Detector for High-Flux γ-Ray Beam Monitoring

Abstract: High-flux, high-energy 𝛾-ray measurements are constrained by pulse pile-up and detector saturation.
To address this issue, a well-type BGO scintillation detector based on a controlled low-efficiency sam-
pling strategy is proposed, enabling online measurement of high-flux 𝛾-ray beams. The design reduces
the probability of full-energy absorption while maintaining a stable detector response, allowing reliable
operation at elevated flux levels. The detector performance was systematically evaluated through Monte
Carlo simulations, energy calibration using (p,𝛾) reactions, and on-beam tests at SLEGS. The results show
that the detector operates stably over an energy range of 5.5–21.7 MeV at fluxes of approximately 10⁵ s⁻¹,
without performance degradation. The experimental results agree well with the simulated one over the
energy range, validating the reliability of both the model and the measured data. The detector provides an
effective and scalable solution for real-time monitoring of high-flux 𝛾-ray beams.