The Next Generation of Nuclear Decommissioning Technologies

Abstract: The sustained development of global nuclear energy underscores the importance of nuclear decommissioning as a critical measure for environmental and public safety. This article systematically reviews recent advances in remediation technologies for nuclear facilities. Significant progress has been made in surface decontamination techniques, including mechanical, chemical, laser, and electrochemical methods, as well as novel stripping materials, with approaches such as laser ablation achieving removal rates exceeding 99%. The integration of intelligent systems, such as robotic operations and AI-driven monitoring, has substantially improved operational safety and efficiency. The study also summarizes relevant regulations pertaining to safety management, radioactive waste management, and nuclear protection. While current remediation technologies show a trend toward integrated multi-method solutions, challenges remain in areas such as complex structure decontamination and long-lived radionuclide immobilization. Future developments are directed toward smarter, more sustainable approaches, where international cooperation will be crucial in advancing nuclear decommissioning and nuclear protection capabilities.